Alternatives To Anchoring
Sea Anchors And Storm Drogues
Instead of relying on an anchor, most sailors will use a sea anchor or a storm drogue to keep their boat in a certain position on the ocean. These alternatives are deployed during bad weather when it’s unsafe for crew to be steering the boat.
A sea anchor or storm drogue will be placed into the water which will keep the boat from taking the waves from the side. A sea anchor is deployed from the bow, while a storm drogue is deployed from the stern. A sea anchor is parachute shaped, while a storm drogue is cone shaped.
This image from anchoring.com helps clarify:
Heaving To
There is a simple way to slow your boats movement through the water when sleep is required, or during foul weather. It’s called ‘heaving-to’. By backwinding the forward sail and locking the rudder toward the wind, the boat will ride at a 45 degree angle into the wind and waves. A reefed main may also be used depending on the intensity of the wind.
While this sounds somewhat complicated, it becomes easy with a little practice. Sailors will heave to while waiting out an unfavorable wind direction, when the conditions require crew to be safely below decks, or when a solo sailor needs to catch some rest.
Check out this image from yachtingworld.com:
Keeping Watch
According to the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), "every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.”. Generally, sailboats are crewed by a couple who share in the keeping watch throughout their ocean crossing.
Sailors crossing the ocean solo will find it impossible to keep watch ‘at all times’. To manage the risk involved with sleeping, they will set an alarm to go off every 20 minutes so they can scan the horizon for ships. Some brave souls will simply trust their electronics to rouse them if a ship enters their proximity.
With modern cargo ships being the speedy bohemeths that they are, it only takes about 15 minutes for a ship to reach your location from first being spotted. If no one is keeping watch onboard the sailboat, a collision could occur and the cargo ship may never have been aware that the smaller boat was ever in its path.
Improper lookout is the second highest contributing factor for accidents right behind operator inattention. It’s extremely important that, whenever possible, there is a crew member keeping watch. It is the easiest way to ensure the safety of all aboard. However, when you’re crossing an ocean alone, it’s inevitable that you will need sleep in order to effectively and safely travel across the ocean. Sleeping instead of keeping watch becomes an acceptable risk once fatigue sets in.
Anchoring Exceptions
Now, although it is generally impossible to anchor in the middle of the ocean, there are a few gem locations out there where it does get shallow enough to drop the hook.
Minerva Reefs are two submerged atolls south of Fiji and Tonga in the Pacific Ocean. When anchoring up within the atolls at high tide, there is no land visible in any direction. It gives one the feeling of anchoring in the middle of the ocean and can be quite an experience!
A little closer to home we find the Great Bahamas Bank which is a shallow area amid the Bahamanian islands. Anchoring overnight on the bank is common among cruisers when the weather is calm. I’ve anchored up there several times myself and it’s surreal. On the surface, there is no land visible in any direction and the solitude is palpable. The water is crystal clear and roughly 12ft deep across most of the bank.
